Scientific writing

Yeo included in Academic

2021-02-03 609 words 3 minutes

Contents

hyphen连字符 /en dash连接号 /em dash破折号

hyphen: “-”

单词没写完需要换行
check-in
323-4837448
My name is John，j-o-h-n

en dash: “–” 宽度和字母 n 相近，有了En dash 这个名字。

September 18–October 30 10 a.m–11 a.m 1–2 hours
pp. 89–101 80–120 kph chapters 6–9
east–west Rail，即东西线铁路 Shanghai–London flight，即上海至伦敦的航班
3–2 ，即比分为3比2
当句子中已经使用了 from…to 句型时，为了保证句子的平衡性和完整性，不能再使用en-dash (–)进行替代。 I work every day from 9 am to 5 pm. √
I work every day from 9am–5pm. ×
当需要构成由两个以上单词组成的较复杂的复合词时，有时会使用 En dash 代替 hyphen 来进行连接，使句子整体看起来更具易读性和平衡感。 The Nobel Prize–winning writer The Yuan Dynasty–style vase
避免和减号混淆，有的地方最好不要用 en dash −4 to −6°C √

em dash: “—” 宽度和字母M相近，有了 Em dash 这个名字。

补充对句子其他部分而言相对不重要的信息 To get to London from here—you are heading there, right?—you need a car.
代替冒号、逗号或括号，起到分隔句子、对语义进行补充说明对意思。 Please call my colleague—Adam Smith—on Monday. Multiple languages are spoken in Singapore—English，Chinese,and Native languages.

on Windows:

hyphen: minus
en dash: alt + 0150
em dash: alt + 0151

on Mac:

hyphen: minus
en dash: option + minus
em dash: option + shift + minus

in Word:

en dash: ctrl+ 小键盘的减号
em dash: ctrl+ alt + 小键盘的减号
en dash: word + space + hyphen + space + word
em dash: word + hyphen + hyphen + word
en dash: 先输入2013，再alt + x
em dash: 先输入2014，再alt + x

reference
https://www.sohu.com/a/403023950_100051699
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-437026-733739.html

英文书名号

2005 年6 月修订的《图书编校质量差错认定细则》第三十三条规定:

“书名号（《》<>）是表示文化精神产品的专名号。书名号的误用主要是使用范围扩大化。

（一）书名（包括篇名）、报纸名（包括板块、栏目名）、期刊名（包括栏目名），以及其他文化精神产品（电影、戏剧、乐曲、舞蹈、摄影、绘画、雕塑、工艺品、邮票、相声、小品等）的题目可用书名号，非文化精神产品不能使用书名号。例如：物质产品名、商品名、商标名、课程名、证件名、单位名、组织名、奖项名、活动名、展览名、集会名、称号名等等，均不能使用书名号，用了要计错。
（二）丛书名要使用书名号，如《五角丛书》《当代农村百事通丛书》。
（三）书名号里面的名称要与实际名称相符。如《人民邮电》报，《求是》杂志。
——————————我是分割线——————————
英语中也有书名、篇名、报刊名等，但是没有《》<>这个符号。英语中是通过斜体来表示书名、报刊名等，通过引号（包括双引号和单引号）来表示篇名的。也可以说，英语中凡是可以单独销售的，就用斜体来表示，比如图书、报纸、刊物；凡是不能单独销售的，就用引号来表示，比如图书中的一个章节、短篇小说、文章。至于使用双引号还是单引号，没有区别，只要全书或全报纸（刊物）统一就行了。

The title of Stephen R. Covey’s book is **The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People **.（书名斜体。）
In a 2010 essay, “Only Disconnect,” Gary Shteyngart describes his experience of reading an ink-and-paper book.（文章名引号）
In the ‘Introduction’ to The Sacred Wood, Arnold’s failure to live up to Eliot’s definition of a true critic is diagnosed in remarkably similar terms as a swerving from ‘the centre of interest and activity of the critical intelligence’(1957, xii) in pursuit of ‘game outside of the literary preserve altogether, much of it political game untouched and inviolable by ideas’(1957, xiii).（ Introduction是篇名引号。The Sacred Wood是书名斜体。）
Along with a number of book reviews and brief articles, this corpus consists chiefly of just six major essays: ‘The Truth of Masks’(1885), ‘The Decay of Lying’(1889), ‘Pen, Pencil and Poison’(1889), ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’(1889), ‘The Soul of Man Under Socialism’(1890) and ‘The Critic as Artist’(1890).（论文名引号。）
Focusing on the needs of scientists, Nature (founded in 1869) is the leading weekly, international scientific journal.（刊物名斜体。）
Founded in 1845, Scientific American is the oldest continuously published magazine in the US and the leading authoritative publication for science in the general media. （刊物名斜体。）
In Boston, in 1820, the two dailies were The Boston Daily Advertiser and the Boston Patriot and Daily Mercantile Advertiser.（报纸名斜体。）
The national newspaper USA TODAY was one response to the problem. （报纸名斜体。）
The book is an 1892 Victorian novel by W. H. Mallock titled A Human Document.（长篇小说名斜体。短篇小说名双引号，见例12。）
In 458, Aeschylus wrote his best known cycle, The Oresteia, which is the only surviving complete ancient trilogy.（戏剧的三部曲斜体。）
The first play, Agamemnon, tells the story of the return of Agamemnon, king of Argos, from the Trojan War.（戏剧名斜体。）
I shed tears over two stories of childhood shadowed by unbearable memory:“The Hare’s Mask,” by Mark Slouka, with its piercing ending, and Claire Keegan’s Irish-inflected tale of neglect and rescue,“Foster.”（短篇小说双引号。）