LaTeX notes

Yeo included in LaTeX

2020-12-27 953 words 5 minutes

Contents

reference

LaTeX

equation

$\tilde{x}$

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2

$\tilde{x}$

$\widetilde{x_2}$

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$\widetilde{x_2}$

$\tilde{A}_2$

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$\tilde{A}_2$

$\widetilde{A}_2$

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$\widetilde{A}_2$

$x_1,\cdots, x_n$

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$x_1,\cdots, x_n$

$x_1,\ldots, x_n$

1

$x_1,\ldots, x_n$

Greek alphabet

Lowercase	Uppercase	latex
α	A	\alpha
β	B	\beta
γ	Γ	\gamma
δ	Δ	\delta
ϵ	E	\epsilon
ζ	Z	\zeta
ν	N	\nu
ξ	Ξ	\xi
ο	O	\omicron
π	Π	\pi
ρ	P	\rho
σ	Σ	\sigma
η	H	\eta
θ	Θ	\theta
ι	I	\iota
κ	K	\kappa
λ	Λ	\lambda
μ	M	\mu
τ	T	\tau
υ	Υ	\upsilon
ϕ	Φ	\phi，（φ：\varphi）
χ	X	\chi
ψ	Ψ	\psi
ω	Ω	\omega

数学符号

符号	LATEX code	Description
根号	\sqrt[3]{12}	$\sqrt[3]{12}$
分数	\frac{分子}{分母}	$\frac{1}{2}$
求和	\sum_{下标}^{上标}	$\sum_{n=1}^{100}$
上划线	\overline{式子}	$\overline{a}$
下划线	\underline{式子}	$\underline{a}$
罗马体	\mathrm{字符}	$\mathrm{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz}$
顶部曲线	\tilde{字}	$\tilde{a}$
约等于	\approx	$\approx$
小于等于	\leq	$\leq$
大于等于	\geq	$\geq$
不等于	\neq	$\neq$
字母顶部的小折线	\hat{字母}	$\hat{}$
相似符号	\sim	$\sim$
下注释	\arg \underset{y}{\max}	$\arg \underset{y}{\max}$
梯度	\nabla	$\nabla$
偏导	\partial	$\partial$
省略号	\cdots，单个为\cdot	$\cdots$，单个为$\cdot$
花体大写	\mathscr{F}	$\mathscr{F}$
空集	\varnothing	$\varnothing$
向右箭头	\varnothing	$\rightarrow$
属于	\in	$\in$
元素乘（空心圆）	\circ	$\circ$
加粗斜体	\boldsymbol{内容}	$\boldsymbol{A}$
	\mathcal{内容}	$\mathcal{A}$
	\mathbb{内容}	$\mathbb{A}$
正比于	\propto	$\propto$
无穷	\infty	$\infty$
任意	\forall	$\forall$
存在	\exists	$\exists$
向量	\vec{A}	$\vec{A}$
向量点乘	\cdot	$\cdot$

spacing

spacing	LATEX code	Description
twice of \quad (= 36 mu)	a \qquad b	$a \qquad b$
\quad space equal to the current font size (= 18 mu = 1 em)	a \quad b	$a \quad b$
\ (space after backslash!) equivalent of space in normal text	a\ b	$a\ b$
5/18 of \quad (= 5 mu)	`a\;b`	$a\;b$
4/18 of \quad (= 4 mu)	`a\:b`	$a\:b$
3/18 of \quad (= 3 mu)	`a\,b`	$a\,b$
no space	ab	$ab$
-3/18 of \quad (= -3 mu)	`a\!b`	$a\!b$

\displaystyle 显示公式的标准尺寸简记 D
\textstyle 正文公式的标准尺寸简记 T
\scriptstyle 上下标的标准尺寸简记 S
\scriptscriptstyle 更低层的上下标的标准尺寸简记 SS

What commands are there for horizontal spacing?
There are a number of horizontal spacing macros for LaTeX:
math mode: $\:$

\, inserts a .16667em space in text mode, or \thinmuskip (equivalent to 3mu) in math mode; there’s an equivalent \thinspace macro;
\! is the negative equivalent to \,; there’s an equivalent \negthinspace macro;
\> (or \:) inserts a .2222em space in text mode, or \medmuskip (equivalent to 4.0mu plus 2.0mu minus 4.0mu) in math mode; there’s an equivalent \medspace;
\negmedspace is the negative equivalent to \medspace;
\; inserts a .2777em space in text mode, or \thickmuskip (equivalent to 5.0mu plus 5.0mu) in math mode; there’s an equivalent \thickspace;
\negthickspace is the negative equivalent to \thickspace;
\enspace inserts a space of .5em in text or math mode;
\quad inserts a space of 1em in text or math mode;
\qquad inserts a space of 2em in text or math mode;
\kern <len> inserts a skip of <len> (may be negative) in text or math mode (a plain TeX skip); there’s also a math-specific \mkern <math len>;
\hskip <len> (similar to \kern);
\hspace{<len>} inserts a space of length <len> (may be negative) in math or text mode (a LaTeX \hskip);
\hphantom{<stuff>} inserts space of length equivalent to <stuff> in math or text mode. \phantom{<stuff>} is similar, inserting a horizontal and vertical space that matches <stuff>. Should be \protected when used in fragile commands (like \caption and sectional headings);
\ inserts what is called a “control space” (in text or math mode);
inserts an inter-word space in text mode (and is gobbled in math mode). Similarly for \space and { }.
~ inserts an “unbreakable” space (similar to an HTML ) (in text or math mode);
\hfill inserts a so-called “rubber length” or stretch between elements (in text or math mode). Note that you may need to provide a type of anchor to fill from/to; see What is the difference between \hspace*{\fill} and \hfill?;

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 \verb|a\,b|                     & a\,b \quad $a\, b$ \\
  \verb|a\thinspace b|            & a\thinspace b \quad $a\thinspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\!b|                     & a\!b \quad $a\!b$ \\
  \verb|a\negthinspace b|         & a\negthinspace b \quad $a\negthinspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\:b|                     & a\:b \quad $a\:b$ \\
  \verb|a\>b|                     & a\>b \quad $a\>b$ \\
  \verb|a\medspace b|             & a\medspace b \quad $a\medspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\negmedspace b|          & a\negmedspace b \quad $a\negmedspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\;b|                     & a\;b \quad $a\;b$ \\
  \verb|a\thickspace b|           & a\thickspace b \quad $a\thickspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\negthickspace b|        & a\negthickspace b \quad $a\negthickspace b$ \\
  \verb|$a\mkern\thinmuskip b$|   & $a\mkern\thinmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\,|) \\
  \verb|$a\mkern-\thinmuskip b$|  & $a\mkern-\thinmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\!|) \\
  \verb|$a\mkern\medmuskip b$|    & $a\mkern\medmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\:| or \verb|\>|) \\
  \verb|$a\mkern-\medmuskip b$|   & $a\mkern-\medmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\negmedspace|) \\
  \verb|$a\mkern\thickmuskip b$|  & $a\mkern\thickmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\;|) \\
  \verb|$a\mkern-\thickmuskip b$| & $a\mkern-\thickmuskip b$ (similar to \verb|\negthickspace|) \\
  \verb|a\enspace b|              & a\enspace b \\
  \verb|$a\enspace b$|            & $a\enspace b$ \\
  \verb|a\quad b|                 & a\quad b \\
  \verb|$a\quad b$|               & $a\quad b$ \\
  \verb|a\qquad b|                & a\qquad b \\
  \verb|$a\qquad b$|              & $a\qquad b$ \\
  \verb|a\hskip 1em b|            & a\hskip 1em b \\
  \verb|$a\hskip 1em b$|          & $a\hskip 1em b$ \\
  \verb|a\kern 1pc b|             & a\kern 1pc b \\
  \verb|$a\kern 1pc b$|           & $a\kern 1pc b$ \\
  \verb|$a\mkern 17mu b$|         & $a\mkern 17mu b$ \\
  \verb|a\hspace{35pt}b|          & a\hspace{35pt}b \\
  \verb|$a\hspace{35pt}b$|        & $a\hspace{35pt}b$ \\
  \verb|axyzb|                    & axyzb \\
  \verb|a\hphantom{xyz}b|         & a\hphantom{xyz}b (or just \verb|\phantom|) \\
  \verb|$axyzb$|                  & $axyzb$ \\
  \verb|$a\hphantom{xyz}b$|       & $a\hphantom{xyz}b$ (or just \verb|\phantom|) \\
  \verb|a b|                      & a b \\
  \verb|$a b$|                    & $a b$ \\
  \verb|a\space b|                & a\space b \\
  \verb|$a\space b$|              & $a\space b$ \\
  \verb|a\ b|                     & a\ b \\
  \verb|$a\ b$|                   & $a\ b$ \\
  \verb|a{ }b|                    & a{ }b \\
  \verb|$a{ }b$|                  & $a{ }b$ \\
  \verb|a~b|                      & a~b \\
  \verb|$a~b$|                    & $a~b$ \\
  \verb|a\hfill b|                & a\hfill b \\
  \verb|$a\hfill b$|              & $a\hfill b$